Work in the US: OPT & CPT Guide
A comprehensive guide to work authorization for international students in the United States.
Advisory Notice
This guide is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Immigration regulations change frequently. Always consult your DSO and/or an immigration attorney for guidance specific to your situation.
Curricular Practical Training (CPT)
What is CPT?
CPT is a type of work authorization that allows F-1 students to participate in internships, co-ops, or practicum experiences that are an integral part of their curriculum. CPT must be directly related to your major field of study.
Key Requirements
- Must have been enrolled full-time for at least one academic year
- Employment must be integral to your curriculum
- Must be authorized before starting work
- 12+ months of full-time CPT may forfeit OPT eligibility
Part-Time vs Full-Time
Up to 20 hours/week during the school year. Does not affect OPT eligibility.
More than 20 hours/week. Typically during summer or school breaks.
Optional Practical Training (OPT)
What is OPT?
OPT allows F-1 students to work in the US for up to 12 months after completing their degree. Work must be directly related to your field of study. STEM graduates may qualify for a 24-month extension.
Timeline
Apply Early
Up to 90 days before graduation
Processing
3-5 months for EAD approval
Duration
12 months (36 with STEM extension)
How to Apply for OPT
Complete Your Degree
You must complete all coursework and requirements for your degree program.
Apply Through Your DSO
Submit your OPT application through your school's Designated School Official (DSO) who will update your SEVIS record.
File Form I-765
Submit Form I-765 (Application for Employment Authorization) to USCIS with required documentation and fees.
Receive Your EAD
Upon approval, you'll receive your Employment Authorization Document (EAD) card.
Begin Employment
Start working in a position directly related to your field of study within the authorized dates.
STEM OPT Extension (24 months)
Students with a degree in a STEM-designated field can apply for a 24-month extension of their post-completion OPT, for a total of 36 months of work authorization.
Qualifying STEM Fields
STEM Extension Requirements
- Degree in a STEM-designated CIP code field
- Employer must be enrolled in E-Verify
- Formal mentoring/training plan (Form I-983)
- Must apply before initial OPT period expires